Conference Schedule

Day1: April 16, 2018

Keynote Forum

Biography

Hari Shanker Sharma is the Director of Research (International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair, IECNSIR), University Hospital, Uppsala University; Professor of Neurobiology (MRC), Docent in Neuroanatomy (UU) and is currently affiliated with Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Sweden. On his research on brain pathology and neuroprotection in different models, he received prestigious awards from The Laerdal Foundation of Acute Medicine, Stavanger, Norway, in 2005 and Distinguished International Scientists Collaboration Award (DISCA) by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Baltimore, MD (2006–2008). His current research is focused on the role of nanoparticles in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection and nanodrug delivery for novel treatment strategies supported by European Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD), London, UK and US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA. He has published over 400 peer reviewed research papers (H-index 41).

Abstract

Concussive head injury (CHI) is quite common in military personnel during combat operation for which no suitable therapy exists till today. In this investigation, we report that nanodelivery of traditional Chinese medicine, DL-3-n-butylphthalide (DL-NBP) in CHI that was the most effective in reducing brain pathology in CHI if given 2 and 4 h after an 8 h injury or 8 and 12 h after 24 h trauma. Since CHI induces severe brain ischemia and oxidative stress, in this investigation we also examined the effects of TiO2-DL-NBP on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain pathology in our rat model of CHI. CHI was inflicted by dropping a weight of 114.6 g on the right parietal skull bone over a distance of 20 cm in anesthetized rats resulting an impact of 0.224 N on the skull surface. This impact induces brain pathology from over 4 h to 24 h. In separate groups of injured animals, administration of TiO2-nanowired-NBP (40 or 60 mg/kg, i.p.) 2h and 4 h after injury in 8 h survival group and 8 h and 12 h after trauma in 24 h survival group. In the untreated and treated groups, regional CBF (rCBF) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and brainstem was measured using [125]-Iodine labeled microspheres (15±0.6 µm o.d.). Untreated CHI resulted in a progressive increase in brain pathology, reduction in the rCBF (-30 to -50%) and development of brain edema formation. TiO2-NBP resulted in significant improvement in rCBF in all brain areas examined. On the other hand, 80 to 100 mg/kg, dose of normal NBP is needed to induce comparable c reduction in rCBF and brain pathology in CHI. These observations show that nanodelivery of NBP has superior neuroprotective effects in CHI, a feature require additional investigation for clinical relevance.

Biography

Jamal Ouazzani completed his PhD in Applied Microbiology in 1988 from Paris XI University-France and obtained a research position at the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in 1989 (www.cnrs.fr). Since 2014, he has held the position of CNRS Research Director within the Institute for Chemistry of Natural Compounds (ICSN, www.icsn.cnrs-gif.fr) and leads the ICSN Pilot-Unit (www.pilotunit.com). He has an interdisciplinary profile covering fundamental and applied microbiology, natural product chemistry, biochemistry, biocatalysis, bioremediation, innovative biotechnology design, building and implementation. He has been engaged in diverse consulting activities since 1996, for environmental, cosmetic and pharmaceutical companies. He has published more than 62 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has obtained nine patents. He collaborates with various companies in the field of ethno-pharmacology, bioactive natural compounds from plants, marine organisms and microorganisms, innovative extraction and bio-resource cultivation technologies.

 

Abstract

Coral reefs extend as deep as 150 meters and with the development of new technologies to go deeper, scientists are beginning to explore ‘Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems’ (MCEs) existing in low light levels, which still allows for photosynthesis. Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are almost entirely unexplored; they are a treasure-trove for discovering new species and their associated bioactive chemical compounds. Organisms such as soft corals, sponges, and microbes living on coral reefs naturally produce potent cocktails of chemicals to defend themselves from competitors and harmful predators. EU-funded Horizon 2020 project TASCMAR, which aims to tackle major bottlenecks in the discovery, development, and commercialization of marine-derived chemical compounds with a specific focus on using new biological and chemical resources from MCEs. The project partners are working on developing innovative technologies for the sustainable cultivation of marine resources, e.g. through the isolation of chemicals in their natural environment without the need to harvest them. The project is specifically looking for new chemical compounds active against age-related illnesses such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, cancer, and aging diseases related to muscles and skin.

 

Biography

Pedro Medina is a pioneer in Colombia and Latin America in Asset Based Development, specializing in how to leverage the biodiversity in a sustainable way transforming the huge botanical treasure in medicine, the systems, insights, best practices of nature into solutions for mankind – biomimicry, and the fauna into engaged tourism – bird watching. He leads an NGO called Yo Creo en Colombia and for the past 18 years has created contents which lead to a new discourse in his country. He is part of the board of advisors of Colciencias, the Colombian National Science Institution.

Abstract

In 1999 Colombia, the world´s most biodiverse country per square meter and home of 2,400 plants with medical properties, woke up with a picture in the front page of all newspapers. This picture shattered the dream of all Colombians that we were going to finish the year, the century, the millennium in peace. The picture was f the empty seat – when the head    of the FARC, the oldest guerrilla group in the world, stood up President Pastranain the middle of the peace talks. Two weekslater, the picture in the papers was of the earthquake in the coffee zone. The rest of that year was shattered dreams and earthquakes for Colombia. That year we had 80% of the kidnappings in the world. 55% of the terrorist acts in the world happened in Colombia that year. 400,000 Colombians, 1% of the population, left the country. There was a graffiti on the way to the airport which read - “will the last one to leave, please turn off the lights”. That year, our economy plummeted. For the first time in written economic history, our GNP decreased - 4.3%.  1,200 companies went bust and Colombia´s best humorist, Jaime Garzón, was shot to death. While all this was happening, I was running McDonald´s and teaching a business strategy class.I asked my 39 students - “which of you sees yourself in Colombia in 5 years?” Only 12 raised their hands. Unable to sell Colombia to my students, I was perplexed.I then understood that the stories of success which we were told were almost always, foreign. And the local stories were incredibly vivid and terrifying. I realized we lacked local positive models, reasons to be proud, examples, sources of inspiration. One of them is pharmacopsy and how we leverage our biodiversity

Biography

Mona Alyedreessy, who is a specialist in the field of sociology, is the Director of Azara Beautique Ltd in London. She has been working in the field of herbs and organic products since 2012. She launched this business after years of experience in research, making and selling products and learning from her mother who is a certified homeopath. Her handmade products are unique, as they contain many rare and special ingredients that contain many medical benefits and are all organically grown and found in North Africa and The Middle East.

Abstract

Azara Beautique is our small family run boutique brand that specializes in handmade and organic hair and skin products. Azara in the Arabic language is the plural for Azraa, which means ‘pure and virgin’. We chose this name for our boutique, as we only use the finest extra virgin oils and the purest of raw materials grown in The Middle East and North Africa in our products in order for you to gain the medical benefits that they provide to enhance your health and beauty. The products have secret formulas that have been created according to the 20 years of knowledge and medical experience of my mother Dr. Samira Zaidan, the first Saudi female homeopath and quantum physician. The extensive medical knowledge of the ingredients that are used in our products are what makes them special and effective in our soaps, lotions, balms and creams and we wish to revive and share their traditional uses. Together we have dedicated time and effort travelling across the mountains, deserts and lustrous valleys of Oman, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen to find the most inaccessible and rarest jewels; mineral-rich Zamzam water from Makkah, green hojari frankincense from Oman, sidr honey from Yemen are only a few of the refined and pure ingredients used in our products that are all individually and freshly handmade by us with love, passion and care. We take great pride in providing a unique service by creating truly natural products and ensuring that our creams, lotions, shampoos and conditioner in particular are freshly made for each customer, ensuring that they are packed with natural goodness for maximum health benefits. We do not use any chemical preservatives, scents or colours in any of our products.

                    

Tracks

  • Complementary and Alternative Medicine | Phytochemistry | Pharmacognosy | Natural Products of Medicinal Interest | Traditional Medicine | Ethnopharmacology | Toxicological Studies of Plant Products | Natural Products in Medicines | Applications of Natural Products
Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands
Speaker

Nikola Kovinich

West Virginia University, USA

Chair

Speaker

Rajasekaran Aiyalu

KMCH College of Pharmacy, India

Co Chair

Biography

Abstract

 

Foxglove or Digitalis purpurea is a very toxic plant used by folklorists and herbalists, years ago to treat congested heart failure, boils, wounds, ulcers, oedema, epilepsy and other seizure disorders as well. Some symptoms of ingesting Digitalis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, wild hallucinations, delirium, and severe headache. The victim may as well suffer from irregular and slow pulse, tremors and various cerebral disturbances, especially of a visual nature, convulsions, and deadly disturbances of the heart as well as blurry vision. Digitalis toxic symptoms cover all parts of the body system not just the heart because at the end of the day all body parts are related. In homeopathy, Digitalis is a great remedy described by Samuel Hahnemann in his book “Materia Medica Pura” to deal with a holistic picture of the disease where both objective and subjective symptoms are considered. Homeopathic practitioners believe that every living thing has got another electrical copy beside the biological one, and it uses this electrical copy of the living plant to convey remedies and heal the human body using the same concept. Pharmaceutical methods of preparing the drug follows the chemistry application of extracting the active ingredient in the plant and conveying it orally or via injection to the heart, using the blood as a vehicle, whereas, the homeopathic preparation follows the physics theory when they extract the energy or the electrical copy of the whole leaves, using the nervous system as a vehicle to convey the remedy to all affected parts of the body in a short period of time. This paper will discuss about the difference between the pharmaceutical drug digoxin and the homeopathic remedy Digitalis; both are derived from foxglove.

 

Biography

Nik Kovinich is an expert in Genetics of Plant Metabolism. He is a Beginning Investigator at the West Virginia University since July 2015. His focus is on understanding the genetic regulation of the biosynthesis of medicinal natural products (NPs) in plants, enhancing NP bioproduction by genetic engineering, and improving the bioactivities of NPs using semi-synthesis. He teaches Genetics and Bioinformatics courses and had a major role in establishing an Undergraduate Program in Genetics at the West Virginia University

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Phytoalexins are natural products (NPs) produced by plants that are biosynthesized in response to pathogen infection or abiotic stresses. Many phytoalexins have potent medicinal activities and are desirable for use as clinical therapeutics or as scaffolds for the semi-synthesis thereof. The major problem is that phytoalexins are absent from non-challenged plant tissues and may be present in challenged plant tissues at relatively low amounts rendering commercial production uneconomical. This is particularly problematic for phytoalexins that cannot be synthesized.

Methodology: Chemical and pathogen treatments in combination with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to identify treatments and genes that can be used to enhance the biosynthesis of the anticancer phytoalexin glyceollin in soybean.

Findings: A combination of the inorganic heavy metal silver nitrate (AgNO3) and the wall glucan elicitor (WGE) from the pathogen Phytophthora sojae demonstrated an additive effect on the elicitation of glyceollin in soybeans. The additive effect was due to distinct elicitation mechanisms of AgNO3 and WGE. Comparative transcriptome analyses by RNA-seq of pathogen and abiotic stress-treated soybean tissues identified three transcription factor (TF) genes that can enhance the production of glyceollin when overexpressed in soybean hairy roots. The TFs were of the WRKY, MYB, and NAC gene families.

Conclusion & Significance: Combined elicitor and gene engineering approaches can successfully enhance the biosynthesis of glyceollin phytoalexins in soybean. Our transcription factor data suggests the potential existence of a conserved regulatory network for phytoalexin regulation in plants.

 

Biography

Rajasekaran Aiyalu is a Professor of KMCH College of Pharmacy and has more than 28 years of teaching and research experience in the field of Pharmacy. He has received research grants from various Government agencies like DSIR, DST, DRDO and AICTE, etc. He has 5 patents to his credit. He has published 84 research papers in international and 134 research papers in national peer reviewed journals. He has visited Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Sri Lanka, UAE and presented papers in various national and international conferences. He has received Best Teacher Award from the Tamilnadu Dr. M G R Medical University, Chennai.

 

Abstract

 

A novel herbal aerosol spray formulation containing methanol leaf extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum (MLECH) and Vitex negundo (MLEVN) was formulated using MLECH and MLEVN (2% w/v each) and their quality control, stability and efficacy studies were carried out as per the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) guidelines, respectively. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis method was employed for the evaluation of anti-arthritic activity. Assessment of body weight, biochemical parameters, hematological parameters, serum biomarker levels, photographic, radiographic analysis and histopathological investigations were carried out as a supportive evidence for the anti-arthritic efficacy of the developed novel herbal aerosol spray formulation. The results of the quality control test complied with USP standards and the stability study clearly revealed that the formulated topical herbal aerosol spray was found to be stable. Significant (p<0.01) alterations in rat paw volume, body weight, biochemical, hematological, serum biomarker levels and reduction in inflammation and hyperplasia of synovium of formulation treated rats were observed compared with arthritic rats. The study concluded that the formulated novel herbal aerosol spray exhibited good anti-arthritic activity.

 

Biography

Abstract

Background: Harpagophytum procumbens (the preferred species) has traditionally been used as a treatment for inflammation, fever and in some cases malaria. Due to the commercial demand and unsustainable harvesting techniques, the industry is subjected to the possibility of substitution with the more inferior species, H. zeyheri. Granting that several pharmacopeias allow the use of either H. zeyheri or H. procumbens, the pharmacological effect on consumers (patients) and the equivalence of this interchangeable use has not been studied. The industry is starting to explore DNA barcoding as a method for quality control of botanical medicines.

Results: In this study, we explored the potential application of DNA barcoding to determine authenticity in commercial products. Authentic botanical reference material of both H. procumbens (n=30) and H. zeyheri (n=20) were obtained. A total of 10 commercial products were purchased on the internet in 2016 using the search term “Harpagophytum” or “Devil’s Claw”. The two barcoding regions (rbcLa and matK) and the additional plastid region trnL-F was first used to construct a standard reference barcode library for the genus Harpagophytum, and secondly to barcode the purchased herbal products claiming to contain Harpagophytum. The barcode library was able to authenticate all commercial products (query samples) up to species level. Furthermore, the character based (BRONX) analysis was performed to verify taxonomic identity of the query samples. BRONX results indicated that 69% of the commercial samples tested, labeled as H. procumbens were substituted with H. zeyheri.

Significance: Our study is the first to construct a reference barcode library for Harpagophytum. This approach of DNA barcoding could significantly support the authentication of herbal products containing Harpagophytum spp.

 

Biography

S S Lyashenko is a candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences), and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Рyatigorsk Medical Pharmaceutical Institute of Volgograd Medical State University. In 2011 she defended her thesis on "Pharmacognosy study of Borage officinalis L.". Since several years (2008 to 2017), she has been performing fragments of scientific work at the Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. As a Researcher, she searches and analyzes plant sources of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as studies of lipophilic components, exhibiting high biological activity. She investigates promising species of the Russian Federation for its introduction, particularly the family Boraginaceae Juss.

 

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been the subject of research due to their nutritional and physiological roles. The family, Boraginaceae Juss. is one of the sources of PUFAs. The lipids of seeds Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem of this family, widespread in the flora of Russia, have not previously been studied.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The object of the study was mature seeds of wild Pulmonaria mollis from different climatic zones - Adygea (1) and Bashkortostan (2). Oil from seeds was extracted using the Soxhlet's procedure. Separation and identification of lipid classes was performed using a silica column chromatography, TLC and preparative TLC. The FA composition was determined by converting into FA methyl esters followed by GLC.

Findings: Oil content (%, seed weight) in samples was 33.8 and 19.1%, respectively, content of polar lipids was 0.4 and 0.9, including glycolipids was 0.4 and 0.5 and phospholipids was 0.1 and 0.4. The NL subclasses consisted of sterol esters – 1.7 and 1.7%, triacylglycerols – 92.2 and 86.4, free fatty acids – 0.8 and 6.4; diacylglycerols+ sterols – 3.2 and 3.2; monoacylglycerols – 2.2 and 2.3. FA composition 1 and 2 did not differ. Palmitic acid was the most abundant among the saturated FA (about 31%). Oleic acid was the single dominating among monoenoic FA. The PUFAs found were dominated by FA ω-6 (18:2 linoleic acid up 32%, 18:3 gamma-linolenic acid up 19%) and ω-3 (18:3 alpha-linolenic acid up 15%, 18:4 stearidonic acid up 5%). The amounts of PUFAs in NL were about 65%. The PUFAs was concentrated by the urea complexation method. The total concentration of PUFAs increased by up to 63% % of ω-6 PUFAs and 29% ω-3 PUFAs.

Conclusion & Significance: Pulmonaria mollis seeds could be considered potential additional sources of PUFAs and the plant is promising for its introduction

Biography

Abstract

 

The objective of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity and potential activity of methanolic extract of Hyoscyamus muticus (Me-HM) to assess nociception in mice. The acute toxicity was studied in both oral and intraperitoneal route. LD50 was determined using Probit method and the effect of extract against nociceptive was studied by thermal stimulus (hot plate) and injection of chemical substances such as formalin (formalin test) and acetic acid (writhing test). Morphine was used as positive drug in hotplate test and acetylsalicylic acid was used in formalin and writhing test. The antinociceptive activity was determined by observed increase of latency time in hotplate test, decrease of abdominal constriction in writhing test and decrease of stretching in formalin test. The LD50 of intraperitonial administration of Me-HM was 1000±42, 89 mg/kg-1. Our extract produced a significant (P≤0.001) and dose dependent increase of latency time in hotplate test. The optimal effects were observed after 90 mins of oral administration of both doses. In the formalin test, the both doses reduce significantly (P≤0.001) the effect produced by intraplantar injection of formalin with maximum inhibition recorded in neurogenic phase with 49.36% and 42.67% successively for 100 and 50 mg/kg of Me-HM. Morphine and acetylsalicylic acid produced desired anti-nociceptive activity in tests used in this study. The antinociceptive effect of H. muticus extract can be explained probably by binding of scopolamine and hyoscyamine from extract to muscarinic receptors and 5- HT3 involved in pain pathways. It was concluded that Me-HM shows a remarkable antinociceptive activity in thermal and chemical model of nociception in mice.

 

Biography

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been found promising in treating diseases throughout the world. Herbal treatments are preferred over synthetic drugs due to fewer side effects as reported otherwise in terms of adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions and drug resistance so far. Pakistan has plenty of natural resources and is well known for their diverse and valuable medicinal plants. Berberis lyceum is a highly medicinal plant present widely in Pakistan and other countries. In this study, methanol and ethanol extracts of root, stem and leaves of Berberis lyceum were extracted through Soxhlet method. Alkaloids were isolated through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by using SilC18 column with acetonitrile and potassium dihydrophoshphate as mobile phase. The elution rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection was monitored at 346 nm. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed berberine in crude extract of stem but root crude extracts contain high amount of berbamine and low amount of berberine, while leaf extracts showed negative results. Insecticidal activities in this study against the most common and pest resistant insect, Tribolium castaneum, showed good results with 20% concentration of ethanolic and methanolic crude extracts of Berberis lyceum with malathion combination. The insects were tested with 20% methanolic and ethanolic extracts of root stem and leaves alone and combination of extract with different concentrations of malathion. Combination of extracts of stem and root showed maximum mortality rate as compared to crude extracts alone. Our extracts do not actually kill the insects; it can make them sensitive to any insecticide. After applying our extracts, insects can be killed from any insecticide, but leaf extracts again showed no promising results.

 

Biography

Abstract

Traditional medicine, occasionally called alternative medicine or complementary medicine, is presently experiencing significant development in Algeria. In the health care markets, several practice categories are being expressed in the name of traditional medicine and prophetic medicine. These practices, known as “Rokya” and “Hijâma”, are developing as a very fruitful business in Algeria. Many herbalists providing medical care, “Achchab” in Arabic, are appearing more prominently in the marketplaces. Arab Muslim medicine remains alive in the contemporary practices of traditional medicine. This review reflects an interest in the medicinal plant species and other materials cited in the sacred texts and used currently in traditional medicine in Algeria. The use of several traditional medicine indications have been supported on the basis of their safety and efficacy. This review analyzes the importance of these practices between popular and religious beliefs. Proposals were made for the development of the traditional medicine in Algeria based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO).

 

Biography

Rahul Chandran is currently doing Post-doctoral Research under the supervision of Prof. Heidi Abrahamse in Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. His research focus is on the differentiation of stem cells to insulin producing cells for diabetic therapy. He has published 22 research articles in the field of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences in peer reviewed international journals. He has filed patent for the novel compounds isolated during Doctoral research. During his PhD in Botany, he was awarded with DST-INSPIRE fellowship from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India and worked as Junior and Senior Research Fellow for the period of five years.

 

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the major complications among diabetic patients. Wounds, under diabetic conditions show delayed healing due to microbial infection, generation of reactive oxygen species and reduced blood flow. A control over the blood glucose along with alternative therapies would be an ideal measure to treat diabetic foot ulcers and wounds. The search for cost-effective medication with maximum healing properties and minimal to no side effect has led scientists to investigate plants as an alternative source of medicinal products.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This study features the use of Syzygium mundagam bark methanol (SMBM) extract in the treatment of wounds in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. The extract ointment base, at 1 and 2%, respectively, was applied to the wounded areas on the rats and monitored for 21 days. The wound closure, epithelialization period and histopathology of the wounds were evaluated during the study.

Findings: Both the concentrations of the extract (1% and 2%) healed the wounds even under diabetic conditions induced in rats on day 21 (99.69% and 100%, respectively). The 2% SMBM treated animals showed a higher rate of epithelialization of the wound (15±0.49 days). The histopathology of the wounded skin on 10th day revealed that the rats treated with SMBM extract could initiate the healing and re-epithelialization. This was evident from the migration of neutrophils and proliferation of fibroblasts. On the 21st day, complete healing of the skin could be observed in the rats treated with 2% extract which was evident from the newly formed epidermis, collagen fibres and fibroblast. The results compared well with those treated with betadine (5%).

Conclusion & Significance: The results of this study will support the use of this plant extract for diabetic healing over the use of commercially available synthetic drugs.

 

Biography

J Addotey is a recipient of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)/Government of Ghana joint scholarship for PhD studies. This scholarship is awarded to young Ghanaian researchers of superior academic and research achievement in order to obtain PhDs in Germany and to further their career goals. He is self-motivated Young Researcher and Lecturer looking to network and collaborate with other researchers worldwide towards solving emerging challenges in natural products research. His primary interests are bioactivity guided isolation and characterization of compounds from natural sources and method development for the analysis of drug substances of natural origin.

 

Abstract

Statement of Problem: Human hyaluronidase-1 (Hyal-1) is an enzyme strongly involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix by balancing the deposition and potential degradation of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the tissue. The inhibition of Hyal-1 by specific inhibitors might be a promising target for improved wound healing, tissue regeneration, and looking at renal function also for induction of diuresis. Following the discovery of the inhibitory effects of isoflavonoids from the roots of Ononis spinosa L. on Hyal-1 in our previous work, further studies have been conducted on selected flavonoid/isoflavonoid compounds from natural sources with the aim to study structure - activity relationships. Although glycosides of these compounds abound and some have been proven to show anti-hyaluronidase activity, the aglycones were chosen because generally they are known to exhibit higher anti-hyaluronidase effect.

Methodology: By using surface-displayed human Hyal-1 on Escherichia coli F470, HA as substrate and stains-all method for quantification of undegraded, high molecular polymer, the enzyme activity can be determined easily. Apigenin (flavonoid hyaluronidase inhibitor), Biochanin A (isoflavonoid present in roots of Ononis spinosa L.) and Maackiain (pterocarpan present in roots of Ononis spinosa L.) were used as representatives of the above classes. Glycyrrhizinic acid, a known Hyal-1 inhibitor was used as a standard.

Findings: At a concentration of 250 µM, Maackiain and Apigenin were found to be inactive. The IC50 values obtained for Glycyrrhizinic acid and Biochanin A were 181 µM and 126 µM respectively.

Conclusion & Significance: Strong inhibitory activity (comparable to standard) against Hyal1 was found in the isoflavonoid with the flavonoid and pterocarpan exhibiting virtually no activity. This information will serve as a guide toward more elaborate structure-activity studies.

 

Biography

Manuela Mandrone works at Bologna University, Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology, where she is a Junior Researcher since 2016. Her investigations are in the field of Plant Science, particularly focusing on natural-product based drug discovery inspired by traditional medicine knowledge and studies of plant-environment interactions, related to crops. She has expertise in identification of active principles responsible for biological activities of medicinal plants, finding of biomarkers and quality control of botanicals. These lines of research lie on canonical phytochemical studies as well as on novel approaches such as: metabolomics coupled with chemometrics, which has been a subject of her PhD thesis. She also has expertise in biological activities screening, antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory assays.

 

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Skin ageing processes are generally divided into intrinsic, irremediably tied to the passage of time, and extrinsic, which are caused by environmental factors (i.e. chronic exposure to sunlight, pollutants) and miscellaneous lifestyle components. Plants are a precious resource for skincare, both as antioxidants and inhibitors of enzymes involved in the ageing process. In this context, elastase and tyrosinase are target of remarkable importance, and their inhibitors find applications as skin whitening, anti-wrinkle, anti-sagging agents, and in the treatment of dermatological disorders.

Methodology: The plant sources were from: India (Rajasthan), Africa (Burkina Faso) and Mediterranean area. Hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared, dried and dissolved in water for the assays or in water-d2 phosphate buffer (90 mM; pH 6.0) for 1H–NMR analysis.

Findings: 17 plants resulted to be endowed with strong bioactivity and leaves of Pistacia lentiscus emerged as the most potent sample on both enzymes (IC50 of 7.18 ±1.37 and 42.04±1.94 μg/mL against elastase and tyrosinase, respectively). Interestingly, two, out of the 17 most active plants, are endemic of Sardinia Island (Italy), namely: Hypericum scruglii and Limonium morisianum. Moreover, the 17 most active extracts resulted also generally enriched in polyphenols and flavonoids, which confer them additional value, due to their antioxidant potential. Lastly, 1H NMR metabolomics profile of the extracts were measured, compared by multivariate data analysis and correlated to the abovementioned results by orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) model, showing a positive correlation between spectral signal of aromatic compounds and the potency of enzymatic inhibition.

Conclusion & Significance: This bio-screening allowed the selection of 17 plant extracts, promising as cosmetic ingredients, which safety is also supported by the ethnobotanical uses. Nine of them proved active both against tyrosinase and elastase and as shown by the OPLS model their aromatic phytoconstituents play a key role in conferring these bioactivities.

Biography

Hamid-Reza Adhami graduated from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences with a PharmD Degree and worked for some years in the field of Health and Research Management. In 2008, he started his PhD study at the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna. After graduation, he passed short term research projects in Switzerland and UK and finally moved to South Africa for a one year Post-Doc Fellowship at Tshwane University of Technology in Pretoria. Since 2014, he is working as Assistant Professor at the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. His research interests include isolation, characterization and purification of biological active secondary metabolites from natural sources.

 

Abstract

Enhancement of cholinergic function by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as a rational approach for the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer´s disease and senile dementia. During the last two decades, the use of herbal medicinal substances in dementia therapy has been studied well. Iran is among those countries which has a long and rich history in traditional medicine. In this eight year project, 40 herbal drugs reported in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) for the treatment of cognitive disorders were examined. In the first step, the bioactivities of the polar methanol and the non-polar dichloromethane extracts of all selected herbal samples were studied on AChE inhibition by TLC bioautography and in a microplate assay. The 8 most active herbal drugs were selected for further study. In detailed investigations, the active compounds were identified and isolated using several chromatographic techniques such as TLC, VLC, LC, SEC, SPE, HPLC, HPCCC and HPTLC. In total, from the selected herbal drugs, 25 active compounds were identified and isolated. The structures of the active components were characterized by one and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY), mass spectrometry and some other analytical methods. The IC50 values for active compounds were determined by a quantitative colorimetric assay. Additionally, the concentrations of active components in their sources were determined by HPLC analysis. The IC50 values of the isolated compounds were in correlation with their contents in their original sources. The achieved results confirmed that the compounds considerably contribute to the effects of these drugs and underline the plausibility of their use in the treatment of cognitive deficits in ITM.

 

Biography

Abstract

 

Hypertension has been acknowledged as one of the highest risk factors leading to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been demonstrated as the therapeutic target for hypertension-based CVD treatment. Anti-hypertension bioactivity ingredients screening and development has become a pharmaceutical treatment for the CVD. Many kinds of herbal, such as pine needle, a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used for the treatment of hypertension since ancient, but the bioactive agent which is responsible for its therapeutic effectiveness remain unclear. Therefore, screening bioactive chemicals from natural sources is still the most straightforward strategy for novel ACE inhibitor-based anti-hypertension agent discovery. In this study, we demonstrated a bioactivity-guided fractionation strategy for identifying bioactive fractions and chemicals from pine needle based on LC/MS assay as well as elucidating their mechanisms of pharmacological activity. The compound in pine needle extracts being ACE-inhibitory active was found to be catechin. When ACE activity was assayed in rat tissue membranes, it was observed that catechin demonstrate ACE inhibition in kidney, lung and testes tissue. These observations indicate that catechin in pine needle could be a potential cardiovascular medicine.

 

Day2: April 17, 2018

Keynote Forum

Biography

Aruna Sharma is the Secretary of Research International Experimental Central Nervous System (CNS) Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), currently working at Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Sweden. She is a qualified Experimental Neurpathologist with training at Karl Marx University, Leipzig (1987-1988); Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest (1988-1989), Free University Berlin, (1989-1991) and Neuropathology Institute Uppsala (1992-1995). She is focused on traditional Indian/Chinese medicinal drugs on the central nervous system function, toxicology, neurorepair and neuroprotection using nanotechnology. She earned the Top 15 Technology Award of 2016 at Global Innovation Summit & Showcase on her recent innovation on, “Neuroprotective effects of Nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin together with alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) in concussive head injury in sleep deprivation”, US Government, Washington DC, May 22-25, 2016. She has published over 140 original research papers in reputed neuroscience journals with an H-index of 19 (ISI database, 143 citations) as of today.

 

Abstract

Military personnel are often exposed to high summer heat resulting in heat stroke (HS) resulting in serious mental and physical consequences due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation and brain pathologies. In this innovation, we used TiO2 nanowired EGb-761 and BN-52021 to treat HS induced brain pathologies in model experiments. Rats were exposed to two hour HS daily for eight days in a biological oxygen demand (BOD) incubator that does not induce brain pathology. On the eighth day, the animals were subjected to a four hour additional HS, and brain pathology was examined. These animals exhibited profound BBB leakage to Evans blue and [131]-Iodine, brain edema 2–4-fold higher neuronal damages as compared sham treated naïve rats. Treatment with EGb-761 (50 mg/kg, p.o.) with BN-52021 (2 mg/kg, p.o.) daily, for five days reduced brain damage by 20 to 30% in HS. However, when TiO2 nanowired EGb-761 or TiO2 BN-52021 were administered in identical doses, more than 80% reduction in brain pathology was observed in HS. The functional outcome e.g., walking on a tilted mesh grid (45°C), staying on a Rota-Rod treadmill (16 r.p.m.) and finding placing of forepaw on a wire mesh were significantly improved by nanodelivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021. These observations suggest that nanodelivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 in HS has a potential therapeutic value that requires further investigation.

 

Tracks

  • Natural Products of Medicinal Interest | Pharmacognosy | Phytomedicine | Phytochemistry Natural Products in Cancer Prevention and Therapy | Medicinal Plant Chemistry | Toxicological Studies of Plant Products | Natural Products in Medicines | Formulation and Manufacture of Plant Medicines | Traditional Medicine | Analytical Methods for Natural Products | EthnoPharmacology | Standardization of Herbal Drugs
Location: Amsterdam,Netherlands
Speaker

Yiftach Vaknin

ARO Volcani Center, Israel

Chair

Speaker

Ikram Mohamed Eltayeb Elsiddig

UMST, Sudan

Co Chair

Biography

Tiah Rachmatiah is working at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional, Indonesia as a Lecturer in several courses including Organic Chemistry and Phytochemistry. She is interested in the field of Natural Products and the research that she did cover the fields related to natural products such as chemical content of plants and bioactivities of plants.

 

Abstract

Pometia pinnata is a plant belonging to the Sapindaceae family that is found in eastern Indonesia such as Papua, Sulawesi and Maluku with the local name of matoa. Empirically, matoa is used as a traditional used as an antidiabetic. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro antidiabetic activity of aqueous and ethanol extract from the leaf and bark of matoa. The material used in this study was obtained from Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The aqueous extract was prepared by boiling the powder of the material in water at 90°C for 15 minutes, and ethanol extract by maceration in 70% ethanol. Phytochemical analysis showed that leaf and bark of matoa contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. The in vitro antidiabetic activity test was performed by the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity method with p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside substrate and measured by UV-V spectrophotometer at 400 nm. The α-glucosidase enzyme was obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that the leaf and bark aqueous extract of matoa had antidiabetic activity by α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 value of 9.74 µg/ml and 10. 65 µg/ml, while the ethanol extract of leaf and bark of matoa 10.32 µg/ml and 8.34 µg/ml.

 

Biography

Yiftach Vaknin completed his PhD from Tel-Aviv University and Post-doctoral studies from UC Davis, Pomology Department, CA, and UMR INRA/UAPV Ecologie des Invertébrés, France. He is currently a Senior Researcher at the Department of Natural Resources, Volcani Center in Israel. He has published more than 35 papers in reputed journals and has developed new crops and innovative agro-technological methodologies for the food, medicinal and bioenergy industries. His work on medicinal plants was mainly focused on the following: Lemon eucalyptus for herbal infusions, Moringa oleifera as food supplement for elevated milk production and milk quality in lactating cows and milk thistle for therapy of liver ailments.

 

Abstract

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a ruderal, nitrophilous plant, native to the Mediterranean basin with natural adjacent-desert populations. It is usually utilized for its hepatoprotective activity due to its high content of silymarin; a complex of seven flavonolignans: silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silychristin, isosilychristin, silydianin, and one flavonoid, taxifolin. In Israel, it grows in almost all regions, from the upper Galilee in the north to the edge of the Negev desert in the south, including the Jordan Valley and around the Dead Sea. The aim of the current study was to analyze S. marianum populations from three Mediterranean regions; in northern, central and southern Israel, adjacent to the Negev desert, for silymarin content and composition, in order to evaluate their potential significance as sources for medicinal purposes. Seeds collected from all regions were planted in a screen-house under Mediterranean conditions in central Israel. The resulting F1 progeny was planted in an open field and their seeds were evaluated for silymarin content and composition. Silymarin concentration and content per plant highly varied among all populations, ranging from 21 to 36 (gr/Kg) and 3.3 to 12.3 (gr), respectively. In general, the highest silymarin concentration was measured for plants originated from central populations and the highest silymarin content per plant was measured for the central and northern populations. Analysis of silymarin composition revealed unique chemotypes in all regions, and particularly in central Israel, combining significantly elevated levels of the most potent compounds according to Polyak et al. (2010; PNAS 107:5995-5999) of taxifolin, isosilybin A, silybin A, silybin B and a mixture of silybin A and silybin B. We concluded that the high variation in climatic conditions across Israel contributed to the appearance of unique chemotypes, having great potential for future varieties cultivated for silymarin.

 

Biography

Ikram Mohamed Eltayeb has her expertise in evaluation and passion in research, search and discovery of natural drugs from plant origin. Her open and contextual evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new drugs for improving and treating of chronic diseases. She has built this model after years of experience in research, evaluation and teaching of medicinal plants in universities.

 

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Diabetes is now one of the major health problems prevailing in the world. Diabetic people have been treated with conventional synthetic drugs for a long time result in many side effects. Therefore, the search for more effective and safer anti-diabetic agents derived from plants has become an interest area of active research. Today millions of people use herbs either with prescription and non-prescription medications; the increasing use means that there is potential for more interactions between herbal products and conventional medicines; causing either potentially dangerous side effects and/or reduced benefits from the medication. As the incidence and severity of herb-drug interactions is increasing due to a worldwide rise in the use of herbal preparations, more research regarding herb-drug interactions are needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Allium sativum bulbs growing in Sudan, and to determine their interaction with metformin drug used in diabetes treatment.

Methodology: The Soxhlet apparatus was utilized during extractions. The hypoglycemic effects were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by glucose reuptake using isolated rats hemi-diaphgrams tissue and by estimate glucose tolerance in glucose-loaded Wistar rats. GC-MS was used for chemical analysis.

Findings: The A. sativum extracts in this study have in vitro hypoglycemic effect on rat’s hemi-diaphgrams tissue. Petroleum ether extract has the highest effect, even more than metformin due to the presence of well-known anti-diabetic compounds; its effect was reduced following metformin combination. Chloroform extract has activity less than petroleum ether, but still more than metformin; its combination also showed an antagonistic action. The ethyl acetate extract effect is less than chloroform and was reduced with combination. Methanolic extract has less activity than ethyl acetate and was not affected with combination. The lowest effect was obtained when ethanoic crude extract was used; combination potentiates its effect but is still less than metformin. Petroleum ether extract has in vivo hypoglysimic effect greater than metformin drug; decreased with metformin combination.

Conclusion & Significance: The extract alone was significantly anti- diabetic agent; the effectiveness was decreased with Metformin combination.

Recommendations: Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of interactions.

 

 

Biography

Abstract

Objective: The current study investigated the antiurolithiatic effect of some fractions of methanolic whole plant extract of Rubia tinctorum (RT) in rats.

Methods: The RT was successively extracted with, ethyl acetate, butanol and water to obtain fractions. Calcium oxalate urolitihiasis was induced in rats by ethylene glycol–ammonium chloride feeding in drinking water for 10 days. These rats were treated with two doses (1000 and 2000 mg/kg) of the fractions. Antiurolithiatic activity was assessed by estimating biochemical changes in serum, urine and histological changes in kidney tissue.

Results: Sodium oxalate administration caused biochemical alterations in urine which was found to be prevented significantly by the butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions. Supplementation with butanolic and ethyl acetate fraction prevented the elevation of serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, phosphor and calcium levels. The butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions also caused significant decrease in lipid peroxidation activity, accumulation of calcium oxalate deposits and histological changes in the kidney tissue.

Conclusion: The results showed that the antiurolithiatic component of the methanolic Rubia tinctorum extract of the plant is contained in the butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions. The effect is associated to its diuretic, antioxidant, nephroprotective properties and effect on lowering the concentration of urinary stone-forming constituents.

 

Biography

Prasanth S S is a Professor in Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala and has been awarded PhD on his research thesis entitled ‘Novel analytical techniques for quantification of the toxic phytochemical of Cerbera species’. His broad area of research interest includes development of analytical techniques for bulk drugs, formulations and natural products. During his Postgraduate studies, he was trained at the Toxicology Department, Medical College, and Trivandrum. He is experienced in analyzing drugs and toxins in various biological fluids of human body. His researches lead to the development of some analytical methods for detection and quantification of cerberin in rat plasma and serum.

 

Abstract

Cerberin (2-o-Acetyl neriifolin) is the principal cardiac glycoside present in the seeds of Cerbera odollam belonging to the Apocyanaceae family. The seeds of Cerbera odollam are used as a poison for suicidal as well as homicidal purpose by people around the world. Its detection in the body fluids is somewhat difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a FT-IR spectrophotometric procedure for the analysis of cerberin in rat plasma3. A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometric method was developed for the rapid, direct determination of cerberin in rat plasma. The universal ATR spectra was recorded and used for this study. Multiple linear regressions (MLR), with a restricted set of absorption band were used for calibration. Beer-Lambert law was used for data processing. A recovery of 98.8% of cerberin from rat plasma with a correlation coefficient of 0.9980 was obtained. The linear regression equation for cerberin was calculated to be y = -1.0943–1.5875 x, where x and y are concentration and integrated peak area, respectively. The method had excellent reproducibility for the standard of 0.2 mg, 0.19±0.107% (n=6). The recovery test is an experimental design to verify the relationship between the amount of substance added and the amount quantified by this assay. In this test, the observed concentrations of pure cerberin in rat plasma were not significantly different from the stated concentrations by Student's t-test, P=0.05% (100.06±1.28%, n=3). The method gave rise to linear data in the range 0.1–0.8 mg with accuracy and precision in the range 0.86–1.4%. Therefore, this FT-IR-spectrophotometric assay was accurate, and may be recommended for the simple quantification of cerberin.

                                          

 

Biography

Jhansee Mishra received her BPharm and MPharm from Indira Gandhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IGIPS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha. She was awarded PhD Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Suresh Gyan Vihar University (SGVU), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. She is working as an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Pharmacy, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, India. Her present research projects are focused on “polyherbal formulation and standardization of selected few medicinal plants having antidiabetic activity”. She has more than 30 national and international publications and two books to her credit. She has nine years of experience in research and teaching. She is Regional Editor in International Research Journal of Pharmacy, Member of the Central Executive Committee Journal of Scientific Letters.  She is life member of Indian Community Pharmacy and has organized many national and international conferences and workshops.

 

 

Abstract

 

In the present study, the antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of the specially formulate polyherbal formulation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was determined. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of streptozotocin (55mg/kg, I.P). The formulation F1 (N:G:S=2:2:1) 200 mg/kg body weight was administered to diabetes induced rats for a period of 28 days, which possess better effect than formulation F2 (N:G:S=2:1:2) 200 mg/kg and formulation F3 (N:G:S=2:1:1) 200 mg/kg. Additional biochemical parameters such as serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels were also measured at the ending of study. After verifying the antidiabetic property, the F1 (N:G:S=2:2:1) 200 mg/kg in blood glucose was observed for the finest one; in order to justify it we have to check its oxidative parameter, i.e. SOD, TBAR, GSH and LPO, which enzyme indicates its oxidative stress. From the above outcome, it was concluded that the formulation F1 (N: G: S =2:2:1) 200 mg/kg on blood glucose possesses significant antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

 

Biography

Abstract

Background: Mycetoma is a devastating, slow-growing bacterial or fungal infection, which develops into a chronic infection of the skin tissues and if left untreated, eventually results in amputation. With existing anti-fungal and surgery, only 35% of people living with the fungal form of the disease, known as eumycetoma, are cured, Madurella mycetomatis has been found to shield itself against the antifungal therapy through the production of melanin decreasing the effectiveness of the therapy, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi has proven antimicrobial effect and is known for it’s content of arbutin which is a potent inhibitor of melanin synthesis in humans, can hopefully potentiate the action of the present therapy and optimize its effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of arbutin powder and A. uva-ursi aqueous leaf extract on synthesis of melanin by Madurella mycetomatis.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Aqueous extract of A. uva-ursi was prepared by dissolving 50 g of A. uva-ursi leaves in 1000 ml of water:methanol ratio of 95:5. The arbutin solution was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of arbutin powder in 20 ml of sterile distilled water. The study of the effect of aqueous extract of A. uva-ursi and arbutin on the synthesis of melanin by M. mycetomatis was carried out as described by van de Sande.

Findings: The inhibitory effect of arbutin on melanin synthesis by M. mycetomatis was found to be dose dependent. A. uva-ursi aqueous leaf extract containing arbutin was also found to decrease melanin production by M. mycetomatis.

Conclusion & Significance: Inhibition of melanin synthesis was observed in the arbutin powder as well as the aqueous extract containing arbutin.  

                      

Biography

Reham Sharfeldeen Osman has her expertise in evaluation and passion in research, search and discovery of natural drugs from plant origin. Her open and contextual evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new drugs for improving and treating of infectious diseases.

 

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones [triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)] which is commonly caused by iodine deficiency. It is a potentially serious disorder and if left untreated it can lead to memory loss or mental slowing as well as depression and may become more severe over time. The current medical therapies for hypothyroidism are often deemed inadequate because of difficulties in regulating the level of thyroid hormones through use of conventional drugs. Herbal drugs have proven to be useful in number of diseases, and they have the capacity to cure such metabolic disorders synergistically at different steps. Therefore, more research must be done for effective and safer anti-hypothyroidism agent from plants. The purpose of this study is to know whether Lepidium sativum would affect the level of thyroid hormones.

Methodology: The extract was prepared by Soxhlet apparatus. The anti-hypothyroidism activity was tested using thirty male Wistar rats. They grouping into five groups, Group 1: Normal group=administered only distilled water. Then 10 mg/kg propylthiouracil was added to the drinking water of all other groups to induce hypothyroidism. Group 2: Negative control without any treatment; Group 3: Test group=treated with oral administration of 500 mg/kg extract; Group 4: Treated with oral administration of 250 mg/kg of the extract; Group 5: Standard group (positive control)=treated with intraperitoneal levothyroxine. All rats were incubated for 20 days at animal house with room temperature of proper ventilation provided with standard diet.

Findings: The results show that the L. sativum extract was found to increase the T3 and T4 in the propylthiouracil induced rats with values (0.29 ng/dl T3 and 0.57 U T4) for the 500mg/kg and (0.27 ng/dl T3 and 0.517 U T4) for the 250mg/kg in comparison with standard with values (0.241 ng/dl T3 and 0.516 U T4) so that L. sativum can be stimulatory to thyroid function and possess significant anti-hypothyroidism effect with p-values ranges from (0.000006*–0.893472).

Conclusion & Significance: L. sativum extract was found to possess anti-hypothyroidism effects and act as an agent that stimulates thyroid hormone secretion.

Recommendations: Further investigation should be carried to investigate the anti-hypothyroidism effect of L. sativum extract at the compound level.

Biography

Samar Saadeldin Abdelmotalab has her passion in improving the health and wellbeing in Sudan. Her research was based on the evaluation of the pharmacologic properties of locally grown and imported plants and analysis of the active constituents of these plants. The research which she conducted won the university prize as the best one held in Faculty of Pharmacy in the year of her graduation, 2015. Since then she has been conducting her national country service at the National Medicines and Poisons Board. She wishes to continue her studies in attaining Master’s Degree and further development in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Cardiovascular diseases play a central role in mortality and morbidity rates around the world. Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are considered modifiable risk factors of cardiac diseases. Pharmacologic activities of the plants’ extracts were demonstrated in previous researches. The purpose of this study is to analyze extracts using GC-MS to identify active principles and percentages of their occurrence in analytes.

Methodology: Analysis of the crude 96% ethanolic extracts was performed using (GS-MS QP) type Schimadzu 2010 with capillary column RTX-50 (restec), (length 30 mm, diameter 0.25 mm, and thickness 0.25 mm). Helium used as carrier gas, temperature programmed at 200°C for 5 minutes at rate of 15ml/minute, extracts were injected using split injection mode. Identification of different components was from their mass Spectra and retention time, compared with those on NIST library.

Findings: revealed presence of 80 compounds in extract of locally grown C. reticulata, abundant in monoterpenoid compounds including limonene (3.03%), alpha and gamma–terpinenes (2.61%), linalool (1.38%), citral (1.72%) having anti-oxidant effects. Sesquiterpenoids, humulene (0.26%) and caryophyllene (1.97%) were identified. Locally grown S. indicum oil and water soluble portions of extract revealed presence of 64 compounds with high percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid ester methyl oleate (66.99%), methyl stearate (9.35%) and palmitate (15.71%) in oil portion, whereas, plant sterols; Gamma-sitosterol (13.5%), fucosterol (2.11%), stigmasterol (1.95%) and gamma-tocopherol (1.16%) occurred in water-soluble portion. Z. officinale rhizome analysis revealed presence of 93 compounds, including alpha-zingeberine (16.5%), gingerol (9.25%), alpha- sesquiphellandrene (8.3%), zingerone (6.78%), beta-bisabolene (4.19%), alpha-farnesene (3.56%), ar-curcumene (3.29%), gamma- elemene (1.25%) and other compounds.

Conclusion & Significance: The study demonstrated presence of compounds having antioxidant activity, effects on intestinal cholesterol absorption and regulation of serum cholesterol levels which reflects activities of extracts. Evaluation of the extracts’ pharmacologic activities at individual compound level is required to assess their potential as prospective therapeutic agents.

Biography

Ibrahim Siddig Hamid has his expertise in evaluation and passion in research, search and discovery of natural drugs from plant origin. His open and contextual evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new drugs for improving and treating of infectious diseases.

 

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Bacillary dysentery which is caused by one or more types of Shigella species, highly prevalent in hot countries with poor sanitation like Sudan especially in children is a potentially serious disorder if left untreated. It can lead to dehydration in children or liver abscess if it is spread from intestine to the liver stream. Options of treating Shigellosis with antimicrobials are becoming limited because of globally emerging antimicrobial resistance and the long use of these synthetic drugs causing many side effects. Therefore, the search for effective and safer antimicrobial agents from plants has become an area of interest in active research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts of Peganum harmala and Trachyspermum ammi against isolated Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae causing bacillary dysentery.

Methodology: T. ammi and P. harmala were extracted by 96% ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated according to the disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were determined.

Findings: All tested bacteria (Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae) were found to be sensitive against T. ammi seed extracts, while the same bacteria were resistant for amoxicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and insensitive for P. harmala. The tested bacteria were also sensitive to gentamycin 5 mg/ml, but it has a lower inhibition zone than that of T. ammi 100 mg/ml.

Conclusion & Significance: T. ammi ethanolic extract possessed antimicrobial activity as stated in literature.

Recommendations: Further investigations should be carried out to find the bioactive compounds for developing new antibiotic

Biography

Sara Nadi Joseph Wisa has her expertise in evaluation and passion in research, search and discovery of natural drugs from plant origin. Her open and contextual evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new drugs for improving and treating of infectious diseases.

 

 

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Inflammation is the succession change occurring in a living tissue when it is injured by physical trauma, noxious chemicals or microbiological agents. Most of the synthetic drugs used for treatment of inflammation cause many side effects and toxic effects. Thus, many researches was undertaken to find the anti-inflammatory activity with less adverse effects. The objective of the present study to investigate and compare the anti-inflammatory potential of Ziziphus spina-christi and Boswellia serrata dry distillates.

Methodology: The dry distillates were prepared by dry distillation method. Anti-inflammatory activity of the distillates had been tested in rats by Carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Acute inflammation was produced by injecting 1% solution of Carrageenan into the plantar surface of the rat right hind paw at the dose of 0.1mL per 100g body weight. The rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Group I received normal saline control (P.O) at a dose of 10ml/kg. Group II was treated with the standard drug sodium diclofenac (20 mg/kg, P.O.). Group III and IV were treated with extracts of Z. spina-christi 200 and 400 mg/kg P.O doses, respectively. Group V and VI were treated with extracts of B. serrata 200 and 400 mg/kg P.O doses, respectively. After 60 minutes, Carrageenan solution was injected to the animals of all groups. The paw size was measured using a digital clipper and compared with control animals which received only the vehicle. GC-MS was used for chemical analysis.

Findings: The results showed significant anti-inflammatory effect with p-values (0.000–0.009) and (0.002–0.45) for Z. spina-christi and B. serrata, respectively which were found be dose and time dependent. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 90 compounds in Z. spina-christi distillate and hundred compounds were identified in B. serrata with major compounds well known for their anti-inflammatory effect.

Conclusion & Significance: The dry distillate of Z. spina-christi and B. serrata were found to have anti-inflammatory activity and the activity was found to be higher in Z. spina-christi.

Recommendations: Further investigations regarding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of active constituents of these plants should be done.